Protocols

Protocols are set of rules and procedures for communicating. There are many protocols are used but some are commonly used protocols. They are:
TCP/IP
NetBEUI
DECnet
X.25
IPX/SPX and
AppleTalk
But the most important protocol is TCP/IP. In this protocol data transmission is managed by dividing the data into different pieces called packets. Each packet of data contains a part of actual data, source computer address, destination address, and information for reassembling data at destination computer. These packets of data travel along the fastest available path in the network. This type of data transmission is called packet switching and is used in internet communication. This is the reason that the protocol is also called Internet Protocol.
TCP/IP is divided into 3 usable classes and 2 experimental classes. Class A, B, C are usable classes and D, E are experimental classes. We can not use experimental classes in network.
Classes Range
A 1.X.X.X 126.X.X.X
B 128.X.X.X 191.X.X.X
C 192.X.X.X 223.X.X.X
D 224.X.X.X 239.X.X.X
E 240.X.X.X 254.X.X.X
127.X.X.X is used for troubleshootin

Protocols

Protocols are set of rules and procedures for communicating. There are many protocols are used but some are commonly used protocols. They are:
TCP/IP
NetBEUI
DECnet
X.25
IPX/SPX and
AppleTalk
But the most important protocol is TCP/IP. In this protocol data transmission is managed by dividing the data into different pieces called packets. Each packet of data contains a part of actual data, source computer address, destination address, and information for reassembling data at destination computer. These packets of data travel along the fastest available path in the network. This type of data transmission is called packet switching and is used in internet communication. This is the reason that the protocol is also called Internet Protocol.
TCP/IP is divided into 3 usable classes and 2 experimental classes. Class A, B, C are usable classes and D, E are experimental classes. We can not use experimental classes in network.
Classes Range
A 1.X.X.X 126.X.X.X
B 128.X.X.X 191.X.X.X
C 192.X.X.X 223.X.X.X
D 224.X.X.X 239.X.X.X
E 240.X.X.X 254.X.X.X
127.X.X.X is used for troubleshootin

How to clean a Motherboard to save computer life?

Motherboard is the main part of your computer that contains all hardware components. Your computer motherboard could fry, if you do not keep it clean on periodically basis. Dust is the main cause to heat up your system and heat link to hardware failure. You can save your computer maintenance cost if you clean your computer on the regular basis. This will improve the cooling and performance of the motherboard components.

-To clean your motherboard first unplugs your system power from the electrical outlet.
-Using the screwdriver remove the side covers of your computer case and put them to one side.
-Check all data and power cables connections. Inspect all motherboard PCI and AGP slots.
-Remove all add-on card of your motherboard for example RAM, modem, VGA, sound card and LAN card.
-Now blow the air around all the motherboard sides and keeping away your blower nozzle 4 to 5 inches away from main board components. You can use vacuum cleaner also for this purpose but compressed air is the better solution to clean a system.
-At the end assemble back all cards, cables and side covers of your system.
-I recommend you doing this after every three months if you want to save your system life.

How to install and uninstall a webcam?

First read the instructions from your camera manufacturer and follow them carefully to ensure proper installation of your camera. You must follow all guidelines specific to your camera.

Correct camera installation involves inserting the camera setup/installation CD, following all steps described in your installation booklet, and restarting your computer. Plugging in the camera's USB cord at the incorrect time during the camera software installation procedure can cause various problems. After installation reboot your system

To uninstall your webcam:

-Uninstall any existing camera installations. Click "Start," "Settings," "Control Panel," and "Add/Remove Programs."


-Unplug the camera's USB cord from the computer and Reboot your computer.

How to prevent users from writing to USB drives?

Today USB drive also known as key chain drive is becoming the most popular removable storage device to move data to different locations. USB drives are available in the market with different features, for example password protected, compatible with all windows versions and extra storage capacity (up to 65 GB).

A common security issue at organizations is how to prevent their workers to write data onto USB drives using their PCs, because a user can easily move confidential data for other location.

If you have windows XP with SP2, then you can disable the writing option to USB drives.


Follow the given steps to disable the USB writing option:


-To edit the computer registry, first you should log onto your computer with administrative rights.


-First click on Start button and type "Regedit" in Run option.


-Here locate the location to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control


-Here in right side panel, click right to create a key with the name "StorageDevicePolicies".


-Now in left side panel, select "StorageDevicePolicies" key, again right click to create new DWORD value then label it "WriteProtect".

Set its value to "1". But again enable this option set its values "0".


-Now close the registry editor and restart your computer after any changes to go into effect.

How to Enable the Windows Task Manager?

Windows Task Manager is used to view the status of running applications, active processes, CPU and Page file usage history and active user in windows environment. As a system administrator you can mange the all features of Windows Task Manager, you can end task any running application and set the priority of any running process according to application importance. By default Windows Task Manager Status is enabled, but a user can also disable or enable it manually. But some time a registry hack applies on windows task manager to disable it and your system give you a message” Task Manager has been disabled by your administrator.” then you should enable it with editing the system registry or using Group Policy Editor.
Before proceeding further, first scan your system with up-to-date antivirus, and then follow the given steps to enable it using group policy editor.
To enable this feature, you will need to be logged into your computer with administrative rights.
-Now click on Start button and type “Gpedit.msc” in Run option then press OK.
-In Group Policy Editor, expand the “Administrative Templates” > “System” then “Ctrl+Alt+Del Options”, under the User Configuration option.
-Now in right side of panel “Ctrl+Alt+Del Options” double click on “Remove Task Manager” to change it setting. Here set the option “Disable” to “Enable” or “Not configured” and your task manager is available once again.

How to use Google advanced hidden Calculator?

Normally search engine keep the record of website addresses along with the important words for description of each web page, but the interesting thing is that you can use Google search box as calculator. Using the Google calculator you can perform standard and advanced scientific functions. Google built-in calculator can solve your routine mathematical problems for example (simple Arithmetic function, Trigonometric, Inverse trigonometric, Hyperbolic and Logarithm functions). One important feature of this calculator to evaluate the Constants values, units of measurement and currency conversion also.
Follow these examples with different type of calculations:

-Arithmetic Function
First open the Google.com and type the value like 100+500-10= in search box and press search button to show the result.

-Logarithm Functions
To calculate logarithm base 10 values, type log (100) in search box and press search button to show the result.

-Advanced Math Function
To calculate cos90 value, type cos(90) in search box and press search button to show the result.

Currency Conversion
To convert the 100 USD in British pounds, type 100 USD in British pounds and press search button to show the result.